BBC On The Record - Broadcast: 10.12.00

Interview: JACK STRAW MP, Home Secretary.

The Government says it's cracking down on crime. But are its plans simply pre-election rhetoric?



JOHN HUMPHRYS: It used to be the Tories who were tough on crime... or said they were. Then Labour said: we'll be even tougher... tough on crime... tough on the CAUSES of crime. But in the three years since it's been in power the government has grown increasingly concerned it seems that it is seen by the public as soft rather than tough. So it's trying to change that perception. No fewer than five different measures were announced in the Queen's speech. Couldn't have anything to do with an election coming up, could it? The two main ones are curfews on young people (under the age of 16) and a crackdown on people drinking in public. So what effect will all this have... or is it just a gimmick to attract the headlines? The Home Secretary Jack Straw is with me. And I suggest that Mr Straw, that it is more about politics than a truly serious attempt at tackling crime, partly because of what Tony Blair himself said in that famous leaked memo back in April, you will remember it no doubt, we should think of an initiative something tough with immediate bite which sends a message through the system, and what I'm suggesting to you is that this is designed to send that message. JACK STRAW: No, it's part of a continuing programme which we put in place since May nineteen-ninety-seven, to be tough on crime and tough on the causes of crime, and contrary to your introductory script it's not - we introduced these measures not because people are worried about the fact we're going soft which is not the case, but because people are pretty, I think, satisfied or the polls suggest more than they would be with the Conservatives about the progress we've been making on crime, but crime is still much too high and we've got to move forward, and we're dealing with - we've dealt with a series of problems and now we're coming to the issue of disorder, which partly because of the great increase in drinking that is taking place, young people particularly becoming more affluent, many more licensed premises opening, unfortunately more disorder on the streets on Friday and Saturday nights. We're now dealing with that, but if - I mean if I can just give you the figures, the British crime survey, which is the most weighty independent study of all in terms of crime levels, has shown that crime has gone down, that is overall crime with unrecorded as well as recorded crime by ten per cent between nineteen-ninety-seven and nineteen-ninety-nine. We will be the first new government for fifty years which sees at the end of our period of office lower levels of crime then we had at the beginning, and the anxiety about crime, well that's still too high is also going down. I've just - I've brought with me because it's received very little publicity, quite extraordinary results from the housing - Survey of English Housing which is one of the most independent weighty studies of housing conditions which includes say questions in Chart Nine, a household saying crime is a serious problem by type of area, and you'll see that on the low income on council estates it's gone down by about twenty per cent, in the more affluent areas anxiety about crime - this is people saying crime is a serious problem by type of area - ninety-ninety-four-five, nineteen-ninety-seven, eight, two-thousand, in some areas it's actually halved. Now it's still much too high but there's no question about the fact that the programme is working, but it's one which has to continue. HUMPHRYS: But the reason that I draw this distinction between genuinely tough measures and appearing to be tough and after all Mr Blair himself acknowledged in that memo that you had to be seen to be tough, is let's take your curfew for instance, now sounds tough, we're going to have a curfew, sweep the under sixteen year-olds off the streets in certain areas and all that kind of thing. But you've already done that, we've been there, we've had it before, it was for under ten-year olds admittedly, but not one single curfew was imposed. STRAW: There was a great debate when we began this, excuse me while I clear my throat, this is the only one of a very wide range of orders we put in place. This is the only one where no orders have been issued, and I'll come on to the other ones which have been remarkable successful, but there was a big debate about whether we should establish the limit at ten in respect of those who could not be subject to a criminal process or for those below sixteen. In the end we went for caution. I mean looking back on it we should have arranged for there to be an order making power so the age could have been increased. HUMPHRYS: So that was a mistake to have it as under ten. STRAW: Yes it was. HUMPHRYS: And you're sorry that curfews were not imposed then. STRAW: Yes, it was a mistake. We also did not take full account of the conservatism with a small c, for example the Social Service departments in not wishing to go ahead with these for their own reasons. Anyway the result is - of this is that you have to keep learning in government, so yes it was an error, it's certainly an error not to have put it in as an order-making power, but interestingly enough the Conservatives were amongst those people who were calling for it to be sixteen. They're now saying on the same day as they reminded people of this fact, that I've got the briefing here - that they wanted, that they had asked for curfew orders to be set at sixteen, - this is the Conservative briefing which they issued on the day of the Queen's speech, their spokesman John Bercow was saying they would abandon these altogether, which I think makes an interesting point about their lack of coherence, but in the light of what's been going on in Scotland where they've had curfews - different legal system - they've had curfews for under sixteen, and they have worked. HUMPHRYS: Where they a different sort of thing. I mean you're talking about the Hamilton thing aren't you. They didn't sweep the streets, that wasn't a curfew as such. Plus they had all sorts of other things on which they spent a great deal of money. STRAW: Well, of course, of course, and this is a power to be given to local authorities and the police to be used sensibly. You know if I can draw a parallel with something that is working and very similar by the way, which is the truancy sweeps which we've established with David Blunkett and the Department for Education and Employment. David and I talked about this three-and-a-half years ago, should there be greater powers given to the police to pick up people who were truanting and hand them over to the local education authority and the schools. A lot of criticism about this at the time, saying it wouldn't work, this, that and the other. Anyway, the powers were put in place, we've worked very co-operatively David and I together and so have local education authorities and the police, and these powers are now working to get the truants off the streets and into school. It helps their education, it also of course means there's very much less crime, and that's the - and again this is a power to be used locally. If I can just pick up the point about the other orders there was criticism for example of the introduction of the parenting order. People were saying this was being Big-brotherish. In fact the parenting order which is an order which can attach to a parent of a persistent of even less persistent young offender, those parenting orders have actually worked extremely well. In the piloted areas scores of these orders have been issues and far from them Big-brotherish the parents themselves the valuation suggests have welcomed these orders because they answer the question, what do you do next when you're faced with a teenager who is a bit out of control and it's not only serious offender's parents who were in that position. HUMPHRYS: But what about this particular curfew, this curfew for under sixteens. Now there is no reason, as far as I can see, why you should have any more success with this than you had with the last one and there are many reasons for that, one of them is that the police themselves, the people who would have to enforce it, say and they certainly tell us this, that what you've got to do and particularly in these difficult areas, is that you've got to build trust with young people. You have to establish a relationship and the why to do it, they say, and they are the expects, is not to go around the streets seeing a kid who is fifteen years old, or twelve or fourteen and saying you're off home, come on, that's it. I mean what makes you think that people will actually enforce these orders? STRAW: (coughing) - I do excuse myself - of course you have to do it by co-operation, I don't disagree with the police in saying that. Many local authorities and police officers told us they wanted the age range... HUMPHRYS: ..but a curfew is a curfew...a curfew is prohibitive... STRAW: ..hang on a sec... but it's also about, John, the process by which you achieve that and what we are laying down is not that the Home Office says there will be a curfew in these areas but that the local authority and the police agree it and what will happen is that we will have an area where there's a problem of young kids, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, racketing around very very late at night. Now the question I put to my critics is what would you do about this, it can be hugely disruptive for a neighbourhood - when I go to areas of...low income areas, estates which are frankly often disfunctional.. HUMPHRYS: ...oh sure...we know they exist.. STRAW: ...you say sure, they exist.. HUMPHRYS: ...they exist... STRAW: ..this is a huge problem.. HUMPHRYS: ..I'm saying to you that people will not enforce these curfews because history suggests and all sorts of comments from the police suggest that we won't do it. STRAW: We have had no history in England and Wales. We have had history.. HUMPHRYS: ..we had a ten year one in England.. STRAW: ..we've dealt with that. We have had history in Scotland, we've also had history in other countries where these have worked and what will happen is that there will be area community meetings about whether the area, the community, should have one of these in place. Now in many cases, the very process of the community getting together to discuss this will be a process by which some of the problems can themselves be resolved, just as the threat in many areas of the implementation of an anti-social behaviour order, the threat of that has been enough to deter people from going in for their anti-social behaviour. And it's also led to a lot of other things, for example the establishment by a number of local authorities of anti-social behaviour contracts with people as a precursor, if they don't get the message to going to court. So these measures can work and on the point about it's not enough just to sweep kids off the street, of course it's not enough to do that but if you are concerned about high levels of juvenile delinquency, if you are also concerned about problems that may be going on inside families, then leaving the kids on the streets to bring themselves up, ten, eleven, twelve, one o'clock at night is the worst possible thing that you can do. HUMPHRYS: I mean the initiative sounds terribly forceful, terribly grand and all the rest of it. What I am suggesting to you to... STRAW: ..it's not grand, it's just sensible. HUMPHRYS: ..all right, come to that. What I am suggesting to you is that it's part of a pattern, last month you said that this tagging of young people was going to be extended to youngsters across the country. But the pilots of that showed that the take-up was relatively low, according to your Home Office research and your own Home Office research shows that the reason that JPs didn't like it and of course it was JPs who'd have to have don't that, magistrates as opposed to councils, is that if you tagged children then it would have a certain damaging effect on the neighbourhood. Councils will not impose curfews I am suggesting to you, for the same reason that magistrates were reluctant, according to your Home Office research, to impose those tagging orders. STRAW: My reading of that research was very different from yours. The arrangements were piloted in Greater Manchester and in Norfolk and again contrary to expectations the experience of tagging as a disposal, a sentence of the juvenile courts was much more successful than anybody had anticipated and there were... HUMPHRYS: Relatively low says your Home Office research.. STRAW: ..higher levels of take-up than we anticipated and high levels of compliance.. HUMPHRYS: ..much that isn't what your research says... STRAW: ..I'm sorry I haven't got the research in front of me... HUMPHRYS: ..relatively low... STRAW: ..I can promise you John that we would not have gone down the road of extending them nationwide - the whole point of evaluation of these things on a pilot basis is to see whether they are going to work or not. Now, the disposal of the courts and one of the points of having this disposal available is to see whether we can keep these youngsters out of secure accommodation, out of prison. There's a lot of anxiety about locking up youngsters when it's not necessary. Now ninety-nine per cent of the youngsters who are locked up, are locked up because the courts have reached the end of their tether. But is it also the case that obviously if you can get a child to redemption as it were, without taking them away from their community and their school and all the rest of it and you can turn them away from crime, that is much better and it's also much less expensive.. HUMPHRYS: Yeah.. STRAW: Well you yes with a suck of the lips but...this is a way of dealing with these kids, of ensuring that they are..I mean literally not pinned down in their houses but people know where they are and there are some limits set to their behaviour within the community and tagging generally has worked. HUMPHRYS: But, and I quote again from your own Home Office research, a stable home is a prerequisite and you talk about the importance of a stable home, all of us recognise the importance of a stable home for these youngsters. A stable home is a prerequisite for a curfew. Now the precise problem in the sort of areas that you describe is that there are not stable homes in many of these cases, particularly with the sorts of youngsters that we are talking about. So you go around, assuming that any of these orders are imposed, you go around sweeping these kids off the street and taking them home to what? - maybe to a step-father who beat him up them and told him to clear off out of the house in the first place. You know this is the whole problem isn't it is. STRAW: That's precisely the point. If they are out...look time and time again, okay, you get examples of child abuse, or of examples of the consequences of seriously dysfunctional families where the evidence is not presented to the Social Services or the courts until it is too late.. HUMPHRYS: Yeah but it's there and that's why the councils will not impose these orders... STRAW: ..hang on, the councils ought to be doing it because - look, you and I, I don't think, brought our kids up so that we just let them range around the streets aged ten or eleven, not coming home until eleven, twelve o'clock at night, okay. We've got kids in schools, in urban schools particularly who get into school in the mornings dog tired because they've not slept, alright and yes they may be living in a dysfunctional family. What is crucially important is that if that is going on, that those in authority with the duty to deal with this, including Social Services, find out about it at an earlier stage so just as with the truancy... HUMPHRYS: ..well council of perfection.. STRAW: ..no, but it's a council that is doing something better than we are doing at the moment because we spend a huge amount of money on these services but at the moment an awful lot is spent on process rather than on outcome and I come back to the arrangements that David Blunkett and I have agreed in respect of truancy. People said take oh take a laissez-faire to truancy but in fact unless you start with enforcement to find out why the kids are on the streets and pick them out, then you will not be doing anything for their education and you will not be doing anything in terms of crime and the same applies to curfews. But I also say to you, John, and this is extremely important because you've started off by saying, well has our programme worked, is it all, to coin a phrase...all spin and not delivery - well the answer is it is working. If you look across the board at what we have done on youth justice, we have introduced dramatic reforms... HUMPHRYS: ...stay with this question because you've still not dealt with it, if I may say so, satisfactory. Let me just quote you... STRAW: ..I think I have... HUMPHRYS: ..let me quote to you Sir Jeremy Beecham, you know, Jeremy Beecham, of course you do, the Local Government Authority Leader, he says that he would prefer a more individualised approach with difficult children. Now, in other words, don't have curfews, that is what many authorities say, but let me put this question to you, if this is a sort of test if you like of your toughness, you say yes of course these aren't just window dressing, this isn't spin, this is...we are really being tough. If that is the case, why don't you say, alright, if the councils won't impose these orders and the evidence suggests that they won't and that the police are reluctant to do so and there are other reasons I'll come to why the police are reluctant to do so, why don't you Jack Straw say okay, then I will impose them, I will say this is what must happen across the country...that would be tough.. STRAW: No, I'm not possessed of the information that is needed to decide what should happen locally and I'm forever aware of what Karl Popper said in that famous tirade the poverty of a stoicism (sic) against centralisation of power. You've got to have a proper balance between what you do nationally and what you do locally. HUMPHRYS: It becomes rhetoric in the end though, doesn't it? STRAW: No, it doesn't. It does not become rhetoric. I'm sorry John. I want to go back to all the other things we've been doing because this is one part of a wide range of proposals and measures which we have already put in place to make this country safer. And yes, crime and disorder are still too high, but for all of the knocking that is sometimes occasioned by our policy, what we have done over the past three and a half years is working.... HUMPHRYS: ...yes, but STRAW: ...and yes, you know, if I go back five years ago to a similar kind of programme, people saying well, will your proposals in respect of youth justice work? The Conservatives dismissed them altogether, saying they wouldn't work, but they.... HUMPHRYS: ...ah well, go back to the ten year old curfew. You sat in this studio and I talked to you about that and you it would work and it hasn't worked. STRAW: ...they said that they would work, but I'm talking about, sometimes, including a raft of measures, say twenty, you may get one that is not working. I don't blame you for picking on it, but what about the nineteen that are working, that are working very successfully... HUMPHRYS: ...I picked on it only because you have now built on it, you have added in this very important curfew thing, which, and I'm suggesting to you, it isn't going to happen and if you wanted to make it happen, as with the drinking ban, drinking in public, again why not make that nationwide. You know, why not say, we will not have youngsters drinking on streets - full stop. Make it all... STRAW: ...because it depends on the circumstances and you have to be proportionate, but let me come on to the drinking ban because it has a very, very interesting parallel. What's happened there is that in some areas, Coventry, one or two other areas, they've been using local bylaws in respect of on-street drinking. Liverpool came to me about a year ago, to say they'd run into difficulties with getting a bylaw out of the Home Office. I knew absolutely nothing about it, I went into it in detail and finally agreed a bylaw that was appropriate for parts of Liverpool, not the whole of Liverpool, but the areas where the local people and the police thought there was a problem. That bylaw has turned out to be very successful. We are now moving away from a bylaw based approach, which is actually quite cumbersome in terms of procedure, to the arrangement in the Bill. But this is something which will help the local authorities, and we're not saying what position am I in to tell the people and the police of Liverpool or Manchester or Blackburn... HUMPHRYS: ..oh well STRAW: Well, I'm not... HUMPHRYS: ...no, you're not, but I'll tell you one reason why you're not in a position to tell the police anything and that is because there aren't enough of them. STRAW: ...let me just finish my sentence. What position am I in to do that, the answer is that what we need to be doing is setting up a national framework which is working as I keep saying to you, and is no question about it, very, very significant reductions in the overall level of crime and disorder and a reduction too in anxiety about people who believe that serious crime is a problem in their area, but we are providing people with powers. Now let me come on to the issue of police numbers... HUMPHRYS: ...let me just put the thing in perspective first... STRAW: ...since you raise it... HUMPHRYS: ...well and it's hugely important because obviously if local authorities are to do the kinds of things that you want them to do, introduce these curfews, or bans on drinking, whatever it happens to be, they're going to need more, not fewer policemen. There is, in the words of Sir John Stevens, the Metropolitan Police Commissioner, there is a crisis in London. There are three thousand police officers short across the country, most of them in London. It isn't a matter of our famous friend, resources, this one, it's a question of not being able to recruit new police officers. It cannot work without more police officers and you're not going to get them. STRAW: We are and I'm pleased... HUMPHRYS: ...where are they going to come from? STRAW: ...well, they're now coming in John. Okay. We've had a period... HUMPHRYS: ...and they're going out. STRAW: ...no sorry. We're now recruiting more police officers, I'm very happy to give you the figures, as ever, good news or bad news, we're now recruiting more... HUMPHRYS: ...last time it was bad news, 'cos you said... STRAW: ...yes it was... HUMPHRYS: ...yes, they're coming in but they're out at some speed... STRAW: ...yes it was bad news the last time, but time's moved on and there's now better news alright. We are now recruiting more police officers than we are losing and the figures which I think are going to come out later this week show that the net change at September I think it was, was seven, and I can tell you the later figure... HUMPHRYS: ...three thousand fewer than when you came into power... STRAW: ...let me just finish my..the answer. There are three thousand fewer police officers than when we came into power and I regret that. There are also two-thousand fewer between 1992/3 and the resources were cut by the Conservatives, we had tight budgets... HUMPHRYS: ...come on, you've had three-and-a-half years to... STRAW: ...well, we had tight budgets based on Conservative, we said, we told people what would happen, we had tight budgets for the first two-and-a-half years because we wanted to get the economy right, now... HUMPHRYS: ...you made the decision... STRAW: ...we made the decision... HUMPHRYS: ...we're paying the price now... STRAW: ...we made the decisions and the consequence of that decision is the economy is now in good order. We built a platform for proper public spending, we are now turning the numbers round. And the recruitment of police officers is running at the full capacity of the training school. HUMPHRYS: ...you've got to have those police officers before you can bring in the schemes. STRAW: ...no, I'm sorry, no, I don't agree with that and let me tell you why. HUMPHRYS: ..what! STRAW: .. I don't agree with it because, there are a-hundred-and-twenty-five-thousand police officers in the country, there are sixty-thousand civilians, the change in the number of police officers has been marginal. And if you look at those areas which have done the best in terms of crime reduction and those areas which have lost officers, there is no correlation whatever. Why not? Because everybody knows that if you've got ninety-eight people in a room who are well-managed, well-led and are properly motivated, they are better than a hundred who are less well-managed, right, and less well-led, even though... HUMPHRYS: ...alright.. STRAW: ...no don't say alright, because... HUMPHRYS: ...I was going to allow you that point, I was going to make another point... STRAW: ...this is really, really important, so, what we've been doing is saying, yes, we've got to get the police numbers up, but the idea that the hundred-and-twenty-five-thousand police officers can't do anything at all when the marginal change has been three-thousand is utter nonsense... HUMPHRYS: ...can I just ask you this about recruitment, it is quite an important question because I didn't frankly know that it was happening, but I gather that you are considering taking another look at the guidelines under which... the criteria under which police officers are recruited and you may recruit them from European Union countries. Is that the case? Are you actively looking at that? STRAW: I'm not actively looking at that. There have been discussions about it in the past and what we have done, although it has been a matter for the Chief Officers, is that for example John Stevens, has very sensibly changed some extraordinarily antiquated conditions against for example having people recruited who have tattoos. Apparently there was a ruling in the Metropolitan Police against people who had too many crowns in their teeth. And I discussed this, well no I'm serious, discussed this with Sir John Stevens the other day and one of the problems the Metropolitan Police had faced was that they had extraordinarily antiquated procedures which were leading to applicants taking up to nine months to be processed, so one of the things we've done alongside putting the extra money into the Metropolitan Police is flushed out all these bureaucratic procedures that were putting people off. But I've increased the money that police officers get in the Metropolitan Police Service, so that a new recruit inside the Met now gets six-thousand pounds more than those outside, twenty-two-and-a-half-thousand for a new recruit compared with eighteen-and-a-half-thousand for somebody say, going into teaching in London. And I just want to make this point too, we've been leading this drive to increase the effectiveness of the Police, seven.. the equivalent of seven-hundred officers are back on the streets as a direct result of our drive against unnecessary sickness. In London, thanks to Sir John Stevens cutting out a tier of bureaucracy you've got eight-hundred additional officers back, so it's not just about overall numbers, it's about how they're used. HUMPHRYS: Can I turn to another area where I would again suggest as I have with some of these other things that it's about politics as much as anything particularly when an election is coming up. Now the Fox Hunting Bill. Published on Friday. No chance of it becoming law, because there's going to be an almighty row with the Lords. You'd be quite happy to have that almighty row with the Lords, because you'd be able to look in the face of your grass-roots supporters, say look at that, look, we're doing this for you. It's politics, this, isn't it? It's not, it not... STRAW: ...no, it's not, it's... HUMPHRYS: ...do you want to see a ban on fox hunting? STRAW: No, it's not politics at all. Indeed this is about a free vote so what we said in the manifesto was that there would be free votes in respect of a bill on hunting... HUMPHRYS: Doesn't stop it being about politics, a free vote or not. STRAW: Well that's what we said, it is a matter for a free vote, the government doesn't have a particular position on the issue of fox hunting. There is then, as you know, difficulties about getting even a serious discussion to a conclusion inside the House of Commons, still less the House of Lords. So what we have done, following the report from Lord Burns is to say that as with a Shops bill measure which the Conservatives introduced, I think in Nineteen ninety four, we would lay on government time for this so that's what we are doing. I can't predict when the general election is going to take place, neither can I predict what the House of Lords would do about the measure. I mean in the end, over the last session, the House of Lords, although they took us to the wire and one understands why because we don't have a majority, we were able to get all the bills we had delivered. I hope this is the case in terms of whatever the Commons decides over hunting. HUMPHRYS: Is it a good idea, do you think, to encourage, to invite indeed a massive demonstration by the Countryside Alliance and all their followers, just before an election. STRAW: I make this clear, this is a matter for free votes, the government does not have a position... HUMPHRYS: How are you going to vote then, because there's a bit of an irony here isn't there. STRAW: I will make my position clear to the House of Commons, it's not been an issue - I'm on the record for saying this - it's not been an issue that I've felt particularly strongly in the past and because it's been entirely a private members matter I don't think in my twenty-one years in the House of Commons I've ever voted on it. HUMPHRYS: But you have now resolved this now I understand and the irony is that you will not, yourself, be voting for a ban. STRAW: I will make this position clear to the House of Commons, thank you for the invitation this afternoon. HUMPHRYS: ...you wouldn't like to clear it up this morning .... STRAW: No, I feel I ought...since I've not in the past dealt with it I feel I ought to make this clear to the House of Commons. HUMPHRYS: May I suggest that if you were going to take, as it were, the party line, though it is...if you were going to vote for a ban I suspect you'd sit here this morning and say yes. STRAW: And don't forget that my opposite number on the other side, Ann Widdecombe.. HUMPHRYS: ..indeed.. STRAW: ..is famous for wishing for a ban. That is her privilege and I respect her for that position. HUMPHRYS: It will be...(both talking at the same time)..a very quick question if I may, a very quick one about Europe and what's happening over there in Nice. It seems that you are selling out, at least to some degree, on the question on border controls. Where it was supposed to be red lined and all that and you are making concessions. STRAW: I don't think there's any truth in that whatsoever. My understanding as you know, I was about to say it's a fast moving scenario but it's a slow moving scenario out there, but my understanding from an interview which Robin Cook, the Foreign Secretary gave this morning, I've got the transcript as they say, but Robin said we've not - I quote - "We've not given anything away in respect of the British immigration and we are not going to give away any majority voting that could effect Britain's border controls." And don't forget that at Amsterdam which was the negotiations, equivalent negotiations three and a half years ago, the Prime Minister Tony Blair for the first time ever got embedded into the Treaties, the legal protection for Britain to have its own opt-out from any kind of immigration or border control arrangements that we don't like. HUMPHRYS: I wish I had time to follow that up, but there we are, even after all this time we can't cover everything. Jack Straw thank you very much indeed.
NB. This transcript was typed from a transcription unit recording and not copied from an original script. Because of the possibility of mis-hearing and the difficulty, in some cases, of identifying individual speakers, the BBC cannot vouch for its accuracy.