BBC On The Record - Broadcast: 10.12.00



==================================================================================== NB. THIS TRANSCRIPT WAS TYPED FROM A TRANSCRIPTION UNIT RECORDING AND NOT COPIED FROM AN ORIGINAL SCRIPT; BECAUSE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF MIS-HEARING AND THE DIFFICULTY, IN SOME CASES, OF IDENTIFYING INDIVIDUAL SPEAKERS, THE BBC CANNOT VOUCH FOR ITS ACCURACY ==================================================================================== ON THE RECORD RECORDED FROM TRANSMISSION: BBC ONE DATE: 10.12.00 ==================================================================================== JOHN HUMPHRYS: Good afternoon. Europe's leaders still haven't agreed on a new treaty, we'll be getting the latest from Nice as the story breaks. The government says it's cracking down on crime. But is that just pre-election rhetoric? I'll be talking to the Home Secretary Jack Straw. And Britain's car industry is in trouble. Is there anything the government can do to save it? That's after the news read by GEORGE ALAGIAH. NEWS HUMPHRYS: Later in the programme we'll be going back to Nice to see if they've made any progress towards that elusive agreement and we'll also be reporting on the worrying state of the British car industry. But first something else we all worry about... crime. JOHN HUMPHRYS: It used to be the Tories who were tough on crime... or said they were. Then Labour said: we'll be even tougher... tough on crime... tough on the CAUSES of crime. But in the three years since it's been in power the government has grown increasingly concerned it seems that it is seen by the public as soft rather than tough. So it's trying to change that perception. No fewer than five different measures were announced in the Queen's speech. Couldn't have anything to do with an election coming up, could it? The two main ones are curfews on young people (under the age of 16) and a crackdown on people drinking in public. So what effect will all this have... or is it just a gimmick to attract the headlines? The Home Secretary Jack Straw is with me. And I suggest that Mr Straw, that it is more about politics than a truly serious attempt at tackling crime, partly because of what Tony Blair himself said in that famous leaked memo back in April, you will remember it no doubt, we should think of an initiative something tough with immediate bite which sends a message through the system, and what I'm suggesting to you is that this is designed to send that message. JACK STRAW: No, it's part of a continuing programme which we put in place since May nineteen-ninety-seven, to be tough on crime and tough on the causes of crime, and contrary to your introductory script it's not - we introduced these measures not because people are worried about the fact we're going soft which is not the case, but because people are pretty, I think, satisfied or the polls suggest more than they would be with the Conservatives about the progress we've been making on crime, but crime is still much too high and we've got to move forward, and we're dealing with - we've dealt with a series of problems and now we're coming to the issue of disorder, which partly because of the great increase in drinking that is taking place, young people particularly becoming more affluent, many more licensed premises opening, unfortunately more disorder on the streets on Friday and Saturday nights. We're now dealing with that, but if - I mean if I can just give you the figures, the British crime survey, which is the most weighty independent study of all in terms of crime levels, has shown that crime has gone down, that is overall crime with unrecorded as well as recorded crime by ten per cent between nineteen-ninety-seven and nineteen-ninety-nine. We will be the first new government for fifty years which sees at the end of our period of office lower levels of crime then we had at the beginning, and the anxiety about crime, well that's still too high is also going down. I've just - I've brought with me because it's received very little publicity, quite extraordinary results from the housing - Survey of English Housing which is one of the most independent weighty studies of housing conditions which includes say questions in Chart Nine, a household saying crime is a serious problem by type of area, and you'll see that on the low income on council estates it's gone down by about twenty per cent, in the more affluent areas anxiety about crime - this is people saying crime is a serious problem by type of area - ninety-ninety-four-five, nineteen-ninety-seven, eight, two-thousand, in some areas it's actually halved. Now it's still much too high but there's no question about the fact that the programme is working, but it's one which has to continue. HUMPHRYS: But the reason that I draw this distinction between genuinely tough measures and appearing to be tough and after all Mr Blair himself acknowledged in that memo that you had to be seen to be tough, is let's take your curfew for instance, now sounds tough, we're going to have a curfew, sweep the under sixteen year-olds off the streets in certain areas and all that kind of thing. But you've already done that, we've been there, we've had it before, it was for under ten-year olds admittedly, but not one single curfew was imposed. STRAW: There was a great debate when we began this, excuse me while I clear my throat, this is the only one of a very wide range of orders we put in place. This is the only one where no orders have been issued, and I'll come on to the other ones which have been remarkable successful, but there was a big debate about whether we should establish the limit at ten in respect of those who could not be subject to a criminal process or for those below sixteen. In the end we went for caution. I mean looking back on it we should have arranged for there to be an order making power so the age could have been increased. HUMPHRYS: So that was a mistake to have it as under ten. STRAW: Yes it was. HUMPHRYS: And you're sorry that curfews were not imposed then. STRAW: Yes, it was a mistake. We also did not take full account of the conservatism with a small c, for example the Social Service departments in not wishing to go ahead with these for their own reasons. Anyway the result is - of this is that you have to keep learning in government, so yes it was an error, it's certainly an error not to have put it in as an order-making power, but interestingly enough the Conservatives were amongst those people who were calling for it to be sixteen. They're now saying on the same day as they reminded people of this fact, that I've got the briefing here - that they wanted, that they had asked for curfew orders to be set at sixteen, - this is the Conservative briefing which they issued on the day of the Queen's speech, their spokesman John Bercow was saying they would abandon these altogether, which I think makes an interesting point about their lack of coherence, but in the light of what's been going on in Scotland where they've had curfews - different legal system - they've had curfews for under sixteen, and they have worked. HUMPHRYS: Where they a different sort of thing. I mean you're talking about the Hamilton thing aren't you. They didn't sweep the streets, that wasn't a curfew as such. Plus they had all sorts of other things on which they spent a great deal of money. STRAW: Well, of course, of course, and this is a power to be given to local authorities and the police to be used sensibly. You know if I can draw a parallel with something that is working and very similar by the way, which is the truancy sweeps which we've established with David Blunkett and the Department for Education and Employment. David and I talked about this three-and-a-half years ago, should there be greater powers given to the police to pick up people who were truanting and hand them over to the local education authority and the schools. A lot of criticism about this at the time, saying it wouldn't work, this, that and the other. Anyway, the powers were put in place, we've worked very co-operatively David and I together and so have local education authorities and the police, and these powers are now working to get the truants off the streets and into school. It helps their education, it also of course means there's very much less crime, and that's the - and again this is a power to be used locally. If I can just pick up the point about the other orders there was criticism for example of the introduction of the parenting order. People were saying this was being Big-brotherish. In fact the parenting order which is an order which can attach to a parent of a persistent of even less persistent young offender, those parenting orders have actually worked extremely well. In the piloted areas scores of these orders have been issues and far from them Big-brotherish the parents themselves the valuation suggests have welcomed these orders because they answer the question, what do you do next when you're faced with a teenager who is a bit out of control and it's not only serious offender's parents who were in that position. HUMPHRYS: But what about this particular curfew, this curfew for under sixteens. Now there is no reason, as far as I can see, why you should have any more success with this than you had with the last one and there are many reasons for that, one of them is that the police themselves, the people who would have to enforce it, say and they certainly tell us this, that what you've got to do and particularly in these difficult areas, is that you've got to build trust with young people. You have to establish a relationship and the why to do it, they say, and they are the expects, is not to go around the streets seeing a kid who is fifteen years old, or twelve or fourteen and saying you're off home, come on, that's it. I mean what makes you think that people will actually enforce these orders? STRAW: (coughing) - I do excuse myself - of course you have to do it by co-operation, I don't disagree with the police in saying that. Many local authorities and police officers told us they wanted the age range... HUMPHRYS: ..but a curfew is a curfew...a curfew is prohibitive... STRAW: ..hang on a sec... but it's also about, John, the process by which you achieve that and what we are laying down is not that the Home Office says there will be a curfew in these areas but that the local authority and the police agree it and what will happen is that we will have an area where there's a problem of young kids, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, racketing around very very late at night. Now the question I put to my critics is what would you do about this, it can be hugely disruptive for a neighbourhood - when I go to areas of...low income areas, estates which are frankly often disfunctional.. HUMPHRYS: ...oh sure...we know they exist.. STRAW: ...you say sure, they exist.. HUMPHRYS: ...they exist... STRAW: ..this is a huge problem.. HUMPHRYS: ..I'm saying to you that people will not enforce these curfews because history suggests and all sorts of comments from the police suggest that we won't do it. STRAW: We have had no history in England and Wales. We have had history.. HUMPHRYS: ..we had a ten year one in England.. STRAW: ..we've dealt with that. We have had history in Scotland, we've also had history in other countries where these have worked and what will happen is that there will be area community meetings about whether the area, the community, should have one of these in place. Now in many cases, the very process of the community getting together to discuss this will be a process by which some of the problems can themselves be resolved, just as the threat in many areas of the implementation of an anti-social behaviour order, the threat of that has been enough to deter people from going in for their anti-social behaviour. And it's also led to a lot of other things, for example the establishment by a number of local authorities of anti-social behaviour contracts with people as a precursor, if they don't get the message to going to court. So these measures can work and on the point about it's not enough just to sweep kids off the street, of course it's not enough to do that but if you are concerned about high levels of juvenile delinquency, if you are also concerned about problems that may be going on inside families, then leaving the kids on the streets to bring themselves up, ten, eleven, twelve, one o'clock at night is the worst possible thing that you can do. HUMPHRYS: I mean the initiative sounds terribly forceful, terribly grand and all the rest of it. What I am suggesting to you to... STRAW: ..it's not grand, it's just sensible. HUMPHRYS: ..all right, come to that. What I am suggesting to you is that it's part of a pattern, last month you said that this tagging of young people was going to be extended to youngsters across the country. But the pilots of that showed that the take-up was relatively low, according to your Home Office research and your own Home Office research shows that the reason that JPs didn't like it and of course it was JPs who'd have to have don't that, magistrates as opposed to councils, is that if you tagged children then it would have a certain damaging effect on the neighbourhood. Councils will not impose curfews I am suggesting to you, for the same reason that magistrates were reluctant, according to your Home Office research, to impose those tagging orders. STRAW: My reading of that research was very different from yours. The arrangements were piloted in Greater Manchester and in Norfolk and again contrary to expectations the experience of tagging as a disposal, a sentence of the juvenile courts was much more successful than anybody had anticipated and there were... HUMPHRYS: Relatively low says your Home Office research.. STRAW: ..higher levels of take-up than we anticipated and high levels of compliance.. HUMPHRYS: ..much that isn't what your research says... STRAW: ..I'm sorry I haven't got the research in front of me... HUMPHRYS: ..relatively low... STRAW: ..I can promise you John that we would not have gone down the road of extending them nationwide - the whole point of evaluation of these things on a pilot basis is to see whether they are going to work or not. Now, the disposal of the courts and one of the points of having this disposal available is to see whether we can keep these youngsters out of secure accommodation, out of prison. There's a lot of anxiety about locking up youngsters when it's not necessary. Now ninety-nine per cent of the youngsters who are locked up, are locked up because the courts have reached the end of their tether. But is it also the case that obviously if you can get a child to redemption as it were, without taking them away from their community and their school and all the rest of it and you can turn them away from crime, that is much better and it's also much less expensive.. HUMPHRYS: Yeah.. STRAW: Well you yes with a suck of the lips but...this is a way of dealing with these kids, of ensuring that they are..I mean literally not pinned down in their houses but people know where they are and there are some limits set to their behaviour within the community and tagging generally has worked. HUMPHRYS: But, and I quote again from your own Home Office research, a stable home is a prerequisite and you talk about the importance of a stable home, all of us recognise the importance of a stable home for these youngsters. A stable home is a prerequisite for a curfew. Now the precise problem in the sort of areas that you describe is that there are not stable homes in many of these cases, particularly with the sorts of youngsters that we are talking about. So you go around, assuming that any of these orders are imposed, you go around sweeping these kids off the street and taking them home to what? - maybe to a step-father who beat him up them and told him to clear off out of the house in the first place. You know this is the whole problem isn't it is. STRAW: That's precisely the point. If they are out...look time and time again, okay, you get examples of child abuse, or of examples of the consequences of seriously dysfunctional families where the evidence is not presented to the Social Services or the courts until it is too late.. HUMPHRYS: Yeah but it's there and that's why the councils will not impose these orders... STRAW: ..hang on, the councils ought to be doing it because - look, you and I, I don't think, brought our kids up so that we just let them range around the streets aged ten or eleven, not coming home until eleven, twelve o'clock at night, okay. We've got kids in schools, in urban schools particularly who get into school in the mornings dog tired because they've not slept, alright and yes they may be living in a dysfunctional family. What is crucially important is that if that is going on, that those in authority with the duty to deal with this, including Social Services, find out about it at an earlier stage so just as with the truancy... HUMPHRYS: ..well council of perfection.. STRAW: ..no, but it's a council that is doing something better than we are doing at the moment because we spend a huge amount of money on these services but at the moment an awful lot is spent on process rather than on outcome and I come back to the arrangements that David Blunkett and I have agreed in respect of truancy. People said take oh take a laissez-faire to truancy but in fact unless you start with enforcement to find out why the kids are on the streets and pick them out, then you will not be doing anything for their education and you will not be doing anything in terms of crime and the same applies to curfews. But I also say to you, John, and this is extremely important because you've started off by saying, well has our programme worked, is it all, to coin a phrase...all spin and not delivery - well the answer is it is working. If you look across the board at what we have done on youth justice, we have introduced dramatic reforms... HUMPHRYS: ...stay with this question because you've still not dealt with it, if I may say so, satisfactory. Let me just quote you... STRAW: ..I think I have... HUMPHRYS: ..let me quote to you Sir Jeremy Beecham, you know, Jeremy Beecham, of course you do, the Local Government Authority Leader, he says that he would prefer a more individualised approach with difficult children. Now, in other words, don't have curfews, that is what many authorities say, but let me put this question to you, if this is a sort of test if you like of your toughness, you say yes of course these aren't just window dressing, this isn't spin, this is...we are really being tough. If that is the case, why don't you say, alright, if the councils won't impose these orders and the evidence suggests that they won't and that the police are reluctant to do so and there are other reasons I'll come to why the police are reluctant to do so, why don't you Jack Straw say okay, then I will impose them, I will say this is what must happen across the country...that would be tough.. STRAW: No, I'm not possessed of the information that is needed to decide what should happen locally and I'm forever aware of what Karl Popper said in that famous tirade the poverty of a stoicism (sic) against centralisation of power. You've got to have a proper balance between what you do nationally and what you do locally. HUMPHRYS: It becomes rhetoric in the end though, doesn't it? STRAW: No, it doesn't. It does not become rhetoric. I'm sorry John. I want to go back to all the other things we've been doing because this is one part of a wide range of proposals and measures which we have already put in place to make this country safer. And yes, crime and disorder are still too high, but for all of the knocking that is sometimes occasioned by our policy, what we have done over the past three and a half years is working.... HUMPHRYS: ...yes, but STRAW: ...and yes, you know, if I go back five years ago to a similar kind of programme, people saying well, will your proposals in respect of youth justice work? The Conservatives dismissed them altogether, saying they wouldn't work, but they.... HUMPHRYS: ...ah well, go back to the ten year old curfew. You sat in this studio and I talked to you about that and you it would work and it hasn't worked. STRAW: ...they said that they would work, but I'm talking about, sometimes, including a raft of measures, say twenty, you may get one that is not working. I don't blame you for picking on it, but what about the nineteen that are working, that are working very successfully... HUMPHRYS: ...I picked on it only because you have now built on it, you have added in this very important curfew thing, which, and I'm suggesting to you, it isn't going to happen and if you wanted to make it happen, as with the drinking ban, drinking in public, again why not make that nationwide. You know, why not say, we will not have youngsters drinking on streets - full stop. Make it all... STRAW: ...because it depends on the circumstances and you have to be proportionate, but let me come on to the drinking ban because it has a very, very interesting parallel. What's happened there is that in some areas, Coventry, one or two other areas, they've been using local bylaws in respect of on-street drinking. Liverpool came to me about a year ago, to say they'd run into difficulties with getting a bylaw out of the Home Office. I knew absolutely nothing about it, I went into it in detail and finally agreed a bylaw that was appropriate for parts of Liverpool, not the whole of Liverpool, but the areas where the local people and the police thought there was a problem. That bylaw has turned out to be very successful. We are now moving away from a bylaw based approach, which is actually quite cumbersome in terms of procedure, to the arrangement in the Bill. But this is something which will help the local authorities, and we're not saying what position am I in to tell the people and the police of Liverpool or Manchester or Blackburn... HUMPHRYS: ..oh well STRAW: Well, I'm not... HUMPHRYS: ...no, you're not, but I'll tell you one reason why you're not in a position to tell the police anything and that is because there aren't enough of them. STRAW: ...let me just finish my sentence. What position am I in to do that, the answer is that what we need to be doing is setting up a national framework which is working as I keep saying to you, and is no question about it, very, very significant reductions in the overall level of crime and disorder and a reduction too in anxiety about people who believe that serious crime is a problem in their area, but we are providing people with powers. Now let me come on to the issue of police numbers... HUMPHRYS: ...let me just put the thing in perspective first... STRAW: ...since you raise it... HUMPHRYS: ...well and it's hugely important because obviously if local authorities are to do the kinds of things that you want them to do, introduce these curfews, or bans on drinking, whatever it happens to be, they're going to need more, not fewer policemen. There is, in the words of Sir John Stevens, the Metropolitan Police Commissioner, there is a crisis in London. There are three thousand police officers short across the country, most of them in London. It isn't a matter of our famous friend, resources, this one, it's a question of not being able to recruit new police officers. It cannot work without more police officers and you're not going to get them. STRAW: We are and I'm pleased... HUMPHRYS: ...where are they going to come from? STRAW: ...well, they're now coming in John. Okay. We've had a period... HUMPHRYS: ...and they're going out. STRAW: ...no sorry. We're now recruiting more police officers, I'm very happy to give you the figures, as ever, good news or bad news, we're now recruiting more... HUMPHRYS: ...last time it was bad news, 'cos you said... STRAW: ...yes it was... HUMPHRYS: ...yes, they're coming in but they're out at some speed... STRAW: ...yes it was bad news the last time, but time's moved on and there's now better news alright. We are now recruiting more police officers than we are losing and the figures which I think are going to come out later this week show that the net change at September I think it was, was seven, and I can tell you the later figure... HUMPHRYS: ...three thousand fewer than when you came into power... STRAW: ...let me just finish my..the answer. There are three thousand fewer police officers than when we came into power and I regret that. There are also two-thousand fewer between 1992/3 and the resources were cut by the Conservatives, we had tight budgets... HUMPHRYS: ...come on, you've had three-and-a-half years to... STRAW: ...well, we had tight budgets based on Conservative, we said, we told people what would happen, we had tight budgets for the first two-and-a-half years because we wanted to get the economy right, now... HUMPHRYS: ...you made the decision... STRAW: ...we made the decision... HUMPHRYS: ...we're paying the price now... STRAW: ...we made the decisions and the consequence of that decision is the economy is now in good order. We built a platform for proper public spending, we are now turning the numbers round. And the recruitment of police officers is running at the full capacity of the training school. HUMPHRYS: ...you've got to have those police officers before you can bring in the schemes. STRAW: ...no, I'm sorry, no, I don't agree with that and let me tell you why. HUMPHRYS: ..what! STRAW: .. I don't agree with it because, there are a-hundred-and-twenty-five-thousand police officers in the country, there are sixty-thousand civilians, the change in the number of police officers has been marginal. And if you look at those areas which have done the best in terms of crime reduction and those areas which have lost officers, there is no correlation whatever. Why not? Because everybody knows that if you've got ninety-eight people in a room who are well-managed, well-led and are properly motivated, they are better than a hundred who are less well-managed, right, and less well-led, even though... HUMPHRYS: ...alright.. STRAW: ...no don't say alright, because... HUMPHRYS: ...I was going to allow you that point, I was going to make another point... STRAW: ...this is really, really important, so, what we've been doing is saying, yes, we've got to get the police numbers up, but the idea that the hundred-and-twenty-five-thousand police officers can't do anything at all when the marginal change has been three-thousand is utter nonsense... HUMPHRYS: ...can I just ask you this about recruitment, it is quite an important question because I didn't frankly know that it was happening, but I gather that you are considering taking another look at the guidelines under which... the criteria under which police officers are recruited and you may recruit them from European Union countries. Is that the case? Are you actively looking at that? STRAW: I'm not actively looking at that. There have been discussions about it in the past and what we have done, although it has been a matter for the Chief Officers, is that for example John Stevens, has very sensibly changed some extraordinarily antiquated conditions against for example having people recruited who have tattoos. Apparently there was a ruling in the Metropolitan Police against people who had too many crowns in their teeth. And I discussed this, well no I'm serious, discussed this with Sir John Stevens the other day and one of the problems the Metropolitan Police had faced was that they had extraordinarily antiquated procedures which were leading to applicants taking up to nine months to be processed, so one of the things we've done alongside putting the extra money into the Metropolitan Police is flushed out all these bureaucratic procedures that were putting people off. But I've increased the money that police officers get in the Metropolitan Police Service, so that a new recruit inside the Met now gets six-thousand pounds more than those outside, twenty-two-and-a-half-thousand for a new recruit compared with eighteen-and-a-half-thousand for somebody say, going into teaching in London. And I just want to make this point too, we've been leading this drive to increase the effectiveness of the Police, seven.. the equivalent of seven-hundred officers are back on the streets as a direct result of our drive against unnecessary sickness. In London, thanks to Sir John Stevens cutting out a tier of bureaucracy you've got eight-hundred additional officers back, so it's not just about overall numbers, it's about how they're used. HUMPHRYS: Can I turn to another area where I would again suggest as I have with some of these other things that it's about politics as much as anything particularly when an election is coming up. Now the Fox Hunting Bill. Published on Friday. No chance of it becoming law, because there's going to be an almighty row with the Lords. You'd be quite happy to have that almighty row with the Lords, because you'd be able to look in the face of your grass-roots supporters, say look at that, look, we're doing this for you. It's politics, this, isn't it? It's not, it not... STRAW: ...no, it's not, it's... HUMPHRYS: ...do you want to see a ban on fox hunting? STRAW: No, it's not politics at all. Indeed this is about a free vote so what we said in the manifesto was that there would be free votes in respect of a bill on hunting... HUMPHRYS: Doesn't stop it being about politics, a free vote or not. STRAW: Well that's what we said, it is a matter for a free vote, the government doesn't have a particular position on the issue of fox hunting. There is then, as you know, difficulties about getting even a serious discussion to a conclusion inside the House of Commons, still less the House of Lords. So what we have done, following the report from Lord Burns is to say that as with a Shops bill measure which the Conservatives introduced, I think in Nineteen ninety four, we would lay on government time for this so that's what we are doing. I can't predict when the general election is going to take place, neither can I predict what the House of Lords would do about the measure. I mean in the end, over the last session, the House of Lords, although they took us to the wire and one understands why because we don't have a majority, we were able to get all the bills we had delivered. I hope this is the case in terms of whatever the Commons decides over hunting. HUMPHRYS: Is it a good idea, do you think, to encourage, to invite indeed a massive demonstration by the Countryside Alliance and all their followers, just before an election. STRAW: I make this clear, this is a matter for free votes, the government does not have a position... HUMPHRYS: How are you going to vote then, because there's a bit of an irony here isn't there. STRAW: I will make my position clear to the House of Commons, it's not been an issue - I'm on the record for saying this - it's not been an issue that I've felt particularly strongly in the past and because it's been entirely a private members matter I don't think in my twenty-one years in the House of Commons I've ever voted on it. HUMPHRYS: But you have now resolved this now I understand and the irony is that you will not, yourself, be voting for a ban. STRAW: I will make this position clear to the House of Commons, thank you for the invitation this afternoon. HUMPHRYS: ...you wouldn't like to clear it up this morning .... STRAW: No, I feel I ought...since I've not in the past dealt with it I feel I ought to make this clear to the House of Commons. HUMPHRYS: May I suggest that if you were going to take, as it were, the party line, though it is...if you were going to vote for a ban I suspect you'd sit here this morning and say yes. STRAW: And don't forget that my opposite number on the other side, Ann Widdecombe.. HUMPHRYS: ..indeed.. STRAW: ..is famous for wishing for a ban. That is her privilege and I respect her for that position. HUMPHRYS: It will be...(both talking at the same time)..a very quick question if I may, a very quick one about Europe and what's happening over there in Nice. It seems that you are selling out, at least to some degree, on the question on border controls. Where it was supposed to be red lined and all that and you are making concessions. STRAW: I don't think there's any truth in that whatsoever. My understanding as you know, I was about to say it's a fast moving scenario but it's a slow moving scenario out there, but my understanding from an interview which Robin Cook, the Foreign Secretary gave this morning, I've got the transcript as they say, but Robin said we've not - I quote - "We've not given anything away in respect of the British immigration and we are not going to give away any majority voting that could effect Britain's border controls." And don't forget that at Amsterdam which was the negotiations, equivalent negotiations three and a half years ago, the Prime Minister Tony Blair for the first time ever got embedded into the Treaties, the legal protection for Britain to have its own opt-out from any kind of immigration or border control arrangements that we don't like. HUMPHRYS: I wish I had time to follow that up, but there we are, even after all this time we can't cover everything. Jack Straw thank you very much indeed. HUMPHRYS: There are serious problems brewing in the car industry. It's a while since there's been a British mass market car, but foreign companies build a lot here. Now they're planning to build fewer, to close some plants indeed and lay off thousands of workers. And the reason for that, they say, is the strength of the pound against the Euro. That's all very difficult for the government as we approach an election. Paul Wilenius reports on the concerns in Labour's ranks. PAUL WILENIUS: Cars - and for the nation's car lovers there's nothing better than a classic British Mini. But now there's only one British owned car manufacturer left, Rover, and that's in trouble. Overproduction, dropping prices and the high pound are hurting the rest of the motor industry. Union leaders and industry chiefs feel it needs urgent help before it suffers a serious breakdown. CHRIS MACGOWAN: I don't think the word crisis actually is too serious a word to use. I think the motor industry here in the United Kingdom is in crisis. SIR KEN JACKSON: If we stay out of the Euro, then in my view the future of manufacturing, motor manufacturing in this country would be virtually nil. WILENIUS: In the Sixties cars like this Mini Cooper put Britain's car industry in the fast lane. But now Tony Blair's facing the prospect of thousands of job losses before the next election and major plant closures afterwards. Many in the industry feel that the only hope is, if Blair says Britain will join the Euro soon. It was more than thirty years ago when the Mini put the swing into the Sixties. Together with a host of other cars, it was stylish and modern. But now the car industry is in decline. Rover is struggling to survive. Ford will soon end all car production in the UK after seventy years. Vauxhall will have a long lay off over Christmas because of falling sales. The long term future of the Japanese car firms such as Nissan, Honda and Toyota, is in doubt and union leaders feel this is only the beginning. JACKSON: It's under extreme difficulty at the moment - it is facing cutbacks. Every sector of the British manufacturing, or motor manufacturing is under pressure, people are going, laying off, looking forward to cutting back investment. WILENIUS: The go ahead for Japanese investment was sparked off by the creation of the European Single Market in the nineteen-nineties. Even though Britain has a highly flexible labour force, it's losing out. The danger is that, instead of exporting more cars, it'll export more jobs. On The Record went on the road to test the scale of the crisis. MACGOWAN: Nearly every other European nation is involved in the Euro in one way or the other and what are we seeing at the moment? We're just seeing jobs migrating away from the UK because they can't produce the components, they can't produce the products, at market prices. Now, if we remain outside the Euro and if the pound remains as strong as it currently is, or the Euro remains as weak as it currently is for a long, long, time, it has got to have a debilitating effect on any manufacturing industry. WILENIUS: Thousands of job losses could hurt Labour, as it speeds towards the next election. It could alienate voters in the key swing seats of the South and Midlands and depress turnout in its industrial heartlands of the North. KEN PURCHASE MP: We do see an election on the horizon and no politician with any sense would underestimate the damage that could be done to any party in power by a considerable level of job losses in the run up period to that. WILENIUS: So the run into the election may not be smooth, as some of the nation's car plants are in areas where Labour has marginal seats. Luton is the home of Vauxhall. It's also home to Labour MPs, fighting to hold on to their jobs at the next election. Workers at the Vauxhall plant have already been given an extended lay off as demand for their cars has fallen. Local MPs are also worried about the future of the plant. MARGARET MORAN MP: It's got a downturn at the moment over this Christmas period, there will be a five week shutdown, largely because of the pressures, the global pressures, in the market, there is massive competition globally and so the smaller car is booming, the medium-sized car of the sort, the Vectra that Vauxhall produce, has been doing less well. I'm sure, speaking to Vauxhall managers, that the issue of whether we are in or out of the Euro is going to be a very significant factor in the decision making, it will affect the productivity of the plant. WILENIUS: Further North, up the M1, we went to South Derbyshire. It's the site of one of the most efficient car plants in the world, built by the Japanese car giant Toyota. Yet it can't sell its cars at a profit because of the high value of the pound. All future investment has been put on hold. One local MP says, if Britain stays out of the Euro, its long term future could be in doubt. MARK TODD MP: The issue of membership of the Euro-zone has been raised with Toyota in the past and they've consistently said that is a factor in their future planning for this plant, both continued investment there or indeed its continued existence. WILENIUS: But even further North there's more immediate trouble. The Nissan plant in Sunderland is highly efficient but there are real fears in January it will lose the new Nissan Micra to France. Labour MPs and union leaders are worried the strength of the pound against the Euro is the biggest single problem. SIR JACKSON: I'm extremely worried that the Nissan Micra could be lost to Britain - it could be built in France, not only in terms of the problem with the pound and Euro, but also the political pressure that's being put on Nissan to build the Micra in France. FRASER KEMP MP: I think if people have a choice between joining the Euro and having a stable economic environment or having the Queen's Head on a Pound. I think the vast majority of people will actually choose to have that economic security. WILENIUS: So the British car industry is in trouble. And it needs urgent assistance. The government can dish out regional aid to help ailing car firms with new investment, to help keep them on the road. But there are limits to what the government can do under European regulations, as it's finding out over the proposed aid package for the Nissan Micra. And there would be fierce political opposition if the government went down this route. ALAN DUNCAN MP: I don't believe that any government, new Labour or otherwise, should issue subsidies or something like that. What they have to do is keep the country competitive, and the way to do that is to keep out of the Euro, and to make sure we are a, an under-regulated, rather than over-regulated country, and keep down taxes. WILENIUS: But in other parts of Europe governments have no qualms about giving extra help to their workers. They will help prop up industry with aid and extra protection for their employees. The government is under pressure to do the same, making it harder for companies to dump British workers. The engineering union leader says this misses the point. SIR JACKSON: You can always bring in areas where regulation does defend jobs for a period of time, but you know Nissan and Toyota are the most productive car plants in the world, they are not making money, they are not making a profit on the vehicles that they sell, and so at the end of the day it depends on what you sell, the profit you make on it, not how hard or how easy it is to sack people. WILENIUS; The real spanner in the works for Tony Blair is the Euro. Pro-Europeans want him to promote it, to keep Britain's car industry on the road. But he can't, because it's potentially damaging at the next election. The Labour high command does not want the Euro issue dragged into the centre of the forthcoming election campaign. Strategists would like to keep the issue low key but they will find it very difficult in the heat of battle. The Tories feel this is their trump card and will keeping pushing the issue forward as they feel it can bring them votes when Britain finally goes to the polls. DUNCAN: If there's anything to do with the Euro the Conservative Party will say no, and I think clearly the Labour Party now has big jitters about it, they know it is not a solution to problems, but they want to do it, and I think they would be very very unwise to proceed with it and increasingly, I think people will realise that the Euro is not a solution, it's potentially a very, very big problem. PURCHASE: I think my constituents will understand that we just can't risk the chance that not being in the Euro would lead to heavy disinvestment in Britain, and what does that mean? Loss of jobs. WILENIUS: If Tony Blair does win the election, his problems with the Euro and the car industry will not be over. He will come under immense pressure to take personal control of a pro-Euro bandwagon, and also to go for an early referendum. SIR JACKSON: My view on the referendum and when it might happen, it's got to take place within the first year of a new government. We can't continue to delay making a decision, there's too many jobs at risk, there's too many companies that actually do need a decision in order that they can make future plans on investment. WILENIUS: So in the end it all comes down to Tony Blair. Euro campaigners feel he must eventually choose his own destiny. Will he fight for the single currency, or risk reducing parts of the car industry to scrap? SIR JACKSON: Every motor manufacturer, every Chief Executive, every Chairman of every manufacturing company in the car industry has made that quite plain - they've made it quite plain to me, they've made it quite plain to Ministers, that they see their future, their immediate future under threat if we're not in the Euro. WILENIUS: To rescue the once great British car industry, and return it to its former glory, Tony Blair will have to make hard choices. Many inside the motor industry fear the worst if Britain stays outside the Euro, but the Tories feel people have to accept the reality of economic change. DUNCAN: I'd like to think that we can keep a British car industry but you know as the decades go past, the structure of industrial life does shift and where particularly wage rates matter, inevitably things tend to move from the richer countries to the poorer ones, but at the same time of course, we've got lots of new investment in high tech companies, new businesses and things like that, so we should not be afraid of industrial change and we ought to actually allow things to move and to keep fresh and be refreshed and then innovation I think will keep us rich, employed, productive, competitive and prosperous. MACGOWAN: If we don't go into the Euro it will continue to be an enormous political issue - I have no doubt about that at all. We're already watching jobs migrate out of the United Kingdom, because people are having to relocate factories outside the UK, and you can only imagine this process accelerating, and I'm very fearful, that if we don't address the Euro issue, jobs will go and of course what does that mean? Plants will close. WILENIUS: Euro-sceptics believe the Euro is not the answer for the British car industry. While the pro-Europeans feel the only way to halt its decline is to swiftly join the single currency. It's the stark choice which may face Tony Blair and the British voters sooner than they think. The fate of the pride of British industry depends on it. HUMPHRYS: Paul Wilenius repoting there. JOHN HUMPHRYS: Half way through the FOURTH day of a European summit that was supposed to end yesterday and still no agreement. It's never happened quite like this before. But, then, the stakes are high: governments have to agree to give up their vetoes on many important areas of policy if there's to be a new treaty and the smaller countries are being asked to surrender some of their voting power. It's particularly difficult for Tony Blair given that we're only a matter of months away from an election in which attitudes to European integration will play a big part. The shadow defence secretary Ian Duncan Smith is with me but let's go first to Nice to find out what, if anything, is happening now. And our Political Editor who's probably been up all night for days and days now, Andrew Marr is there looking remarkably fit on it. Anything to report Andrew? ANDREW MARR: Yes well, what is going on is that the endless process as you say is grinding forward. One minister told me we have spent three- hundred-and-thirty hours as ministers negotiating this. Now another twenty-eight hours here and we're still not onto qualified majority voting, the thing that is of most importance of course to Britain and the Prime Minister back home. What's happened here this morning is we're getting nearer to a resolution of the very, very difficult issue of how many votes each country gets in a new Europe, a wider European Union, and all the ancient enmities between different parts of Europe are suddenly re-emerging again. The Dutch and the Belgians and the Spanish and the Portugese all going at each other hammer and tongs. It's been very very complicated, and the danger I think is that having been a treaty that was supposed to make decision-making in Europe quicker and easier and smoother in a wider Europe, we're actually going to get to a situation where it is much, much harder to take decisions. HUMPHRYS: Assuming we get a treaty at all. It looks at this rate as if we may not! MARR: Well, it's possible. They're now talking about maybe signing heads of agreement and then leaving it, the actual treaty to be signed later on. That happened at Maastricht after all, it's not entirely unique, but there's a lot of anger behind the scenes about the way that the French have dealt with this. They've - people are saying, really they have mucked this up pretty badly, it's been complicated but they should have been able to get through this much faster than they have. HUMPHRYS: Are there any signs at the moment that the government is prepared, the British Government that is, is prepared to give ground on any of these areas. They have these red line areas issues. Is there any sign that they are going to give up the veto a bit more? MARR: Not a flicker of a whiff of any sign of that at all. They believe they would be slaughtered by the opposition at home and by the newspapers if they even thought of doing that, and there is a kind of relatively relaxed mood inside the government camp. They don't think they're going to be put under great pressure about that. Indeed, you see the Government being more and more aggressive on these European issues. Not a half-day has passed since I've come here without the Prime Minister's Press spokesman going full barrel at the members of the media who he describes as being anti-European, no longer just Euro-sceptic. The government has clearly decided to take on its critics including its critics in the media. HUMPHRYS: Mightn't they try and slip the odd thing under the tent though, so that we don't notice until it's too late? MARR: Well, we're all crawling over the different texts that are coming out. One area that all of us I think are focussing on is the question of visas and asylum and immigration. There are six areas where Britain has said absolutely red lined and we won't move. Two of them are very well known, tax and social security. Three of them are not contentious because nobody else wants to move on them either, and then that leaves this one of asylum and borders and so on. And the government's got an opt-out that, they seem very relaxed about it, but that's certainly one area people will be concentrating on, and then there's the whole question of voting and the numbers of the commissioners. Again, ministers are very, very relaxed at the moment, all the fire is concentrated elsewhere, but these negotiations are not over till they're over. Very often there is an enormous row, a tantrum, a final gotterdammerung situation late at night when the food has run out and the drink has run out and everyone's tired. And of course you never know what's going to happen then. HUMPHRYS: Andrew Marr, thanks very much indeed. JOHN HUMPHRYS: Well, Iain Duncan-Smith as I say is with me. Mr Duncan-Smith, he's taking a hard line it seems, Mr Blair, you're not going to have very much to hit him with when he comes home are you? DUNCAN-SMITH: Well you say he's a taking a hard line, in fact the truth is that Mr Blair set up a series of issues which as Andrew Marr said, no-one was in the slightest bit interested in talking about QMV over, so that was a give-away, and then he talks about tax, and he talks also about border controls, but on tax, there was never any way in which the British were going to be expected to give that up. So what he raised, was a straw man, that he could then say, there, I stood up for Britain, we didn't give way on that. But there are questions about the things he hasn't mentioned, there's a whole raft of them, seventeen other areas where QMV is on the agenda, and some of them are really quite important, but we hear nothing at all about that, and now we hear this business about the possibility of asylum and immigration being slipped out from under border controls and put back into Schengen so that we would give up our veto on that, now I don't know... HUMPHRYS: Well we haven't given up our veto on that... DUNCAN-SMITH: ...but that's where it is. Well no... HUMPHRYS: ...issue... DUNCAN-SMITH: ...ah, that's what they say on border controls, but now we hear the talk is that they might slide the immigration asylum out, back into the rest of Schengen so that we would give up our veto on saying whether anybody can go ahead to merge all of that together, so there's lots and lots going on behind the scenes in that, we don't know the exact details so I wouldn't read that Mr Blair has won anything frankly. HUMPHRYS: But you would have to say that wouldn't you really, because you're looking for things to have a crack at them over, and when you say, all these different issues, most of which they don't even touch on, the fact is that in many of these cases, many of these areas where we are prepared and to say, let's put an end to our veto, but there are terribly good reasons for doing so. It might be the smoother running of the European Union, it might actually be in our interest in some of those cases, but you seem to be saying, as a matter of principle, whether it's in our interest or not, let's hold on to all our vetoes. DUNCAN-SMITH: Well, I just don't happen to think, and nor does my party, and William Hague has made this clear, that there is any need now for further extension of Qualified Majority Voting. There isn't, because all the key core areas that are to do with the market place were done and dusted a long time ago, and there's no need now to extend. What we're looking at is extensions much wider than about trade. We're looking at extensions that are to do with politics and to do with the creation of a greater and more powerful European Union. A sort of state, call it what you like. And that's in essence what is really being debated today, and the rows that we're talking about are really rows about that level of politics, and William's made it clear, we don't think there is any need to go to this 'one size fits all' type policy, and want some flexibility to be able to say there are certain arrangements outside the market place, you know, countries should not necessarily have to sign up, which actually would help in getting some of those countries in Eastern Europe in, because this concept is going to make it more difficult. HUMPHRYS: But nowhere at all should we give up any more, no way at all should we give up any more vetoes, even if it is in our interest I am asking, I mean, take just one example and that's this thing about free movement of professionals around Europe. It's not going to harm us, it's going to help us if, if we can, our accountants can do whatever they want in other countries and all the rest.., why not, why not? DUNCAN-SMITH: The point that we've made, and I will reiterate again is that we're talking here about QMV which takes you into deeper integration, and most of the areas that we're talking about, if not all of them are about deeper integration. Let me give you an example that's classic. Here we have for example a policy which is on the table I gather, so that people, businessmen, and businesses generally, will have to justify that they are not being discriminatory, and that is going to be passed over to the European Commission rather than the other way around which is enshrined in English law, that actually you're innocent until proven guilty, they're going to reverse that, so that you're guilty now, and you have to justify that you yourself are not guilty. That is quite outrageous, but that is on the table, that is one of things that we talked about, single skies policy has nothing to do with trade, it has to do with centring up control on various places around Brussels. All sorts of policies which the Government refuses to talk about, didn't want to raise as their big red-line issues, they wanted to talk about issues that were not ever likely to be ceded away, like tax. HUMPHRYS: But my point to you was that you're opposing for the sake of opposition here, effectively to score political points, and... DUNCAN-SMITH: ...no... HUMPHRYS: ...well, I mentioned movement of professionals, you didn't, didn't pick up on that. How is that going to hurt anybody, it isn't going to hurt anybody, it's a sensible thing. It might be in Britain's interest, the Government says, it is in Britain's interest, but you say, no, don't give way on it because, why? DUNCAN-SMITH: My point was quite clear from the word go. It's issues that of QMV that lead to deeper integration that have nothing to do with the market place. That's the key point that we're making. And so what we're saying is, issues about movement of professionals etcetera, and what I call little issues around the market place. We're talking about issues that are not to do with the market place. HUMPHRYS: ...but at the moment there's a veto there... DUNCAN-SMITH: Yes. But I'm talking about issues that are not to do with the market place. Not to do with making a market place move more smoothly. HUMPHRYS: But you'd hold every veto? DUNCAN-SMITH: No, no, no. We are talking about rejecting all the vetoes, the QMVs rather, keeping vetoes, rejecting the change of the Qualified Majority Voting on areas that lead to deeper integration. Most of the areas on the table that will be agreed by the Prime Minister are in that category. That is what Francis Maude has said, that's what William has said... HUMPHRYS: ...but not all, but not all... DUNCAN-SMITH: Well, there may be small issues that aren't. But they can't raise those as being the epitome of what this is about. They are not what this treaty negotiation is about. This treaty negotiation is about large areas of Qualified Majority Voting, one of which I gave you, which are nothing to do with the concept of the free movement of cattle and goods, nothing to do with the core market place. What our policy is, is that we should now have flexibility that beyond the market place we should now be able to say there are areas that actually nations should not necessarily have to be bound into. The charter of fundamental rights which they've agreed, the Government has agreed. They say it's not legal, legally binding, but I've looked at endless Court judgements, they will take into consideration the idea that Europe now has a view about the fundamental rights of individuals and they will rule of the basis that this Government has signed up to that and could overrule British Courts. That's a huge move, nothing to do with the market place, agreed by the Government. Integrationist. HUMPHRYS: But just to be quite clear there are some areas where you would be happy to accept QMV that you are not at the moment. Let's be quite clear about it. DUNCAN-SMITH: No, we're not happy under this treaty as a package, that there will be areas of QMV that we will agree. HUMPHRYS: Even if it is in Britain's interest? DUNCAN-SMITH: What we would say is apply the test. Is any of this likely to lead to deeper integration that goes beyond the market place and we will reject that. HUMPHRYS: How would free moment of professionals not be part of trade then..... DUNCAN-SMITH: But you're setting up on one aspect. HUMPHRYS: But you did. DUNCAN-SMITH: Yes, I've given you three or four actually.. My point is... HUMPHRYS: I'm happy to settle for one you see. I'm happy for you to say, yes okay that's one of those areas that we could.... DUNCAN-SMITH: I've just said that issue is about the market place, so there's no rejection on that particular small issue. I'm talking about the vast majority of things that on the table that we have said are leading to deeper integration, and my point is very simply this, that as a party we believe the British public have seen that this has gone far enough. Actually funnily enough John Major was on the radio the other day, I think it was actually on the Today programme, saying that instead of all of this it would be far better if they sat down and said, these are the areas now which frankly are never up for grabs which cannot be defined. That's what we're talking about. HUMPHRYS: Right. DUNCAN-SMITH: We're talking about no further deeper integration, we're talking about the politics of this being ruled out, and if you want enlargement somebody has to say to me, what Tony Blair says endlessly, what single area of qualified majority voting that we are going to give away at this treaty is likely to help or encourage the integration of east Europe. Not one of them, and CAP reform is not on the table. He hasn't asked for it to be on the table and he won't even discuss it at this point. HUMPHRYS: If we get to the stage and we may not have a treaty of course as a result, if you were listening to what Andy Marr was saying there, but if we get to the stage where we do have a treaty but it doesn't get ratified, it doesn't get passed by the British parliament and you get into power, what do you do about it then? DUNCAN-SMITH: Well, it depends, there are two aspects of it. If the government has decided after this to ram through the ratification in parliament then after the next election what we're going to say is, that as an integrationist treaty we would have to have a referendum, the British people would have to decide, William Hague has talked about it. If at the end of the day they don't get it through parliament and they have an election at which it is discussed, our view is that we will take the view quite simply that any integrationist treaty we will not ratify at all. We will go back and say this I not for ratification, we didn't agree it because we weren't in government, so we will reject it. So it depends. If they've ratified it before and then we will simply take it to the British people afterwards and say, it's your decision to make on this, we don't believe in it, but you can make the decision. If however they haven't done then we will take the view that it's integrationist and we would not therefore pass it through. HUMPHRYS: But you'd have a referendum in that other set of circumstances, which is interesting because you're so opposed to a referendum on the Euro? DUNCAN-SMITH: We're not opposed to a referendum on the Euro. A referendum on the Euro is our policy. HUMPHRYS: I'm sorry. What I am suggesting to you is this. That the Government is saying, the British Government, the Labour government is saying, we will have a referendum in the next election, early in the next parliament. You are saying we will not have a referendum early in the next parliament, we have chucked it out altogether. DUNCAN-SMITH: Ah. That's the point. What we are saying, the difference between us and the Labour Party is the Labour Party is saying lots of different messages. They're saying, we will have a referendum as and when we decide to enter the Euro. And we're arguing, quite rightly I believe, that it is the Government's intention as soon as they have fought that election to move very swiftly to try and balance the country into entering the Euro. They spent huge sums of money trying to set organisations to change, we're talking about billions that may yet be spent, and they'll try and bamboozle and persuade the British public through various threats as we saw in Denmark and various others that they have to enter the Euro. Our position is that during the course of that parliament we will not be entering the Euro, there'll be no need for a referendum because we will not... HUMPHRYS And you will not have a referendum.... DUNCAN-SMITH: No, because we will not be entering the Euro and that is very simple and clear. So the British public at election will know if they vote for us we're not entering the Euro...... HUMPHRYS: It could solve a lot of problems for you couldn't it. I mean you might be able to get people like Ken Clarke back into the Shadow Cabinet which could help you a great deal, because at the moment he's outside making a great deal of trouble for you as are other, the big beasts, the Euro-sceptic beasts out there. It could solve a lot of problems for you couldn't it?. DUNCAN-SMITH: Well I don't know who these great big beasts are that are causing us trouble. I actually..... HUMPHRYS: Well I don't know. Ken Clarke, Michael Heseltine, they're fairly formidable figures aren't they? DUNCAN-SMITH: Well I you know, Ken and Michael and others have had their particular views and they've held them for a long time, and they've been on the stage in the past and they've been allowed to say those views. I don't have any problem with that. They're not in the government, they're not in the opposition, they .... HUMPHRYS: They seem to be the only people that are recognising the ...... DUNCAN-SMITH: Well, I'm not so sure of that, and I have to say, look this is a policy which was agreed on by the party. William put it to the vote of the party at large. The party agreed his position on the Euro, and I think it's supported by the vast majority of the public who are absolutely opposed to enter into the Euro. HUMPHRYS: But the difficulty is going to be just in a few seconds, the difficulty is going be isn't it, that you want Europe to be an issue at the next election. Every time you raise Europe as an issue you get people like Ken Clarke and Michael Heseltine putting the opposite point of view and everybody says, ah, the Tories are split . What I'm suggesting to you is a way out of it. DUNCAN-SMITH: Well, a way out.... HUMPHRYS: Fifteen seconds - say yes, we'll have a quick referendum and..... DUNCAN-SMITH: No, the way out of it John is to show that this government is deep into integration, all about creating a Euro-state. Look, for example, they started the defence issue. We now have a European army in embryo, all started by the Government. You want it to be an issue - I tell you it will be an issue at the next election. HUMPHRYS: Iain Duncan-Smith, thanks very much indeed. HUMPHRYS: And that's all for this week... and indeed until after Christmas, after the New Year for that matter. We won't be back until January 21st. See you then - and have a good holiday. Don't forget the details of our website. Good afternoon. 25 FoLdEd
NB. This transcript was typed from a transcription unit recording and not copied from an original script. Because of the possibility of mis-hearing and the difficulty, in some cases, of identifying individual speakers, the BBC cannot vouch for its accuracy.